Data type literals can be combined using operators, but these operators only function with values of the same data type. For example, attempting to add a Text value to a Num value will result in an error, as this is an unsupported operation. To combine different types of values into a single text, consider using string interpolation instead.

Addition can be performed on number, text and array. This operator applied on different data types yields different results:

• Int and Num - Arithmetic sum
• Text - String concatenation
• [] - Array join

12 + 42 // 54
"Hello " + "World!" // "Hello World!"
[1, 2] + [3, 4] // [1, 2, 3, 4]

Arithmetic operations can only be used on Int and Num data types. Here is the list of all available ones:

• + Arithmetic sum
• - Substraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division
• % Modulo operation

((12 + 34) * 9) % 4

There is also a unary operator that negates the value stored in variable.

let value = 12
echo -value // Outputs: -12

The equality == and inequality != operations can be applied to any data type as long as both sides have the same type.

"foo" != "bar"
42 == 42
true != false
"equal" == "equal"

Int and Num values are compared using standard arithmetic rules. In contrast, Text, [Text], and [Int] are compared lexically — that is, element by element (or character by character), based on Unicode (or ASCII) values, much like string comparison in most programming languages.

42 > 24
"file1.txt" > "file.txt"
[42, 12] > [24, 12]
["Hello world"] > ["Hello", "there"]

For sequences of different lengths, comparison continues left to right until a difference is found; if one sequence is a prefix of the other, the shorter one is considered smaller. For example, "cat" is less than "catalog", and [1, 2] is less than [1, 2, 0].

Logical operations can only be used on Bool data type. As opposed to C-like family of programming languages we've chosen to go for more Pythonic approach with literal names instead of symbols, as it suits the nature of the scripting programming language better: and, or, not.

18 >= 12 and not false

The addition operator, along with any arithmetic operator combined with the = symbol, can be used to automatically update the value of an existing variable with the calculated result.

let age = 18
age += 5
echo age // Outputs: 23

Text interpolation is a form of embedding various values into the text literal that are combined with their textual representations.

echo "State: {false}" // Outputs: "State: 0"
// It's possible to also nest interpolation
echo "1 {" 2 {"3"} 4"} 5" // Outputs: "1 2 3 4 5"

In the following table we can see how the interpolation behaves for various data types:

let name = "John"
let age = 18
echo "Hi, I'm {name}. I'm {age} years old."
// Outputs: Hi, I'm John. I'm 18 years old

Lexical operations allow you to compare sequences element by element (or character by character). These operations work with Text, [Text], and [Int] data types.

"apple" < "banana" // true - 'a' comes before 'b'
["apple", "pie"] <= ["banana", "bread"] // true - "apple" < "banana"
[5, 1] > [4, 9] // true - 5 is greater than 4